The principle of autoclave is very simple. First, we learn about what is autoclave ?. Its definition is, it is a machine in a clinical laboratory that is used for the sterilization process. It (Autoclave) generates steam above100 C temperature.
There are three types of autoclaves. In the autoclave, steam passes through a cooler load resulting in the synthesis of heat with moisture. Both of these (Heat + Moisture) break the bacterial cell protein.
Most of the culture media are sterilized by autoclaves.
This sterilization technique completely destroys the endospore and vegetative form of bacteria.
The principle of autoclave is that laboratory autoclave is equipment that gives moist heat or steam 121 C temperature. At this temperature vapor pressure, it and atmospheric pressure become the same. But due to the close vessel of the autoclave, the vapor pressure in the vessel increase resulting in raising the boiling point of water in a vessel.
this results in superheating steam in an autoclave.
Following are the proper uses of autoclaves in the microbiology section of the clinical laboratory.
| Steam Pressure IU/square inches | Temperature (C) | Time (min) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 100 | – |
| 10 | 115 | 45 |
| 15 | 121 | 18 |
| 30 | 134 | 03 |
There are three types of autoclaves.
There are three testing methods to check the sterilization of autoclaves. The purpose of using sterilization indicators for autoclaving is that ensure the sterilization process of all kinds of articles. Testing methods are also called control or indicator. Following are the indicator methods used in an autoclave.
We can check sterilization in three ways in the physical method.
It makes graphically time recording of the temperature in the autoclave.
In this method, a thermocouple is inserted, the heating time of load is noted. This thermocouple is connected to the potentiometer outside the chamber. It indicates the temperature inside.
This is automatic as described by the name. In this process, every this like temperature, the time duration is pre. selected. After selection, articles are placed inside the chamber and the sterilization process starts. It has a monitoring system that monitors the temperature inside the body. If the temperature alters, this system restarts the sterilization process.
There is two chemical method.
The tube contains the RED solution. This solution turns green at 121 C for 25 minutes. This tube should be stored below 2o C. More temperature cause deterioration of it.
This is a biological indicator or control for the conformation of the sterilization process. In this method spore of a bacteria name BACILLUS, Stereothermophillus was used. Spore requires 55 C to 66 C temperature for cultivation. But this spore was killed at 121 C temperature.
Before starting the sterilization, the spore is placed on the strip placed in the chamber. After autoclave spores are tested for viability.
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