Microbiology

Clinical Microbiology

Clinical microbiology focuses on detecting, identifying, and managing microorganisms that cause diseases in humans. It plays a crucial role in diagnosing infections, monitoring outbreaks, and guiding treatments. Key areas include:

  • Bacteriology: Study of bacterial infections like pneumonia or tuberculosis.
  • Virology: Identification of viral infections such as influenza or HIV.
  • Mycology: Diagnosis of fungal diseases like candidiasis.
  • Parasitology: Detection of parasites causing conditions like malaria.

Clinical microbiology aids in developing targeted therapies, ensuring effective infection control, and improving public health.

Optochin sensitivity test Principle, procedure (streptococcus pneumonia)

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An optochin sensitivity test is used for the alpha-hemolytic streptococcus pneumoniae biochemical test. With the help of this test, we diagnose streptococcus pneumonia another alpha-hemolytic streptococcus. Optochin sensitivity test principle Optochin is a chemical (ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride). It is an antibiotic. It interferes with ATP synthesizing enzyme called ATPase in bacteria. It causes the change in … Read more

Bile Solubility Test Principle, Procedure, Result

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bile solubility test,principle, procedure

The Bile solubility test is important for the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Viridans types of other streptococci. Principle of bile Solubility test Some bacteria (Strept Pneumoniae) have an autolytic enzyme that autolyzes the broth culture within a few days. while other alpha-hemolytic bacteria are resistant to bile. Bile Solubility test reagents and media The … Read more

Indole test principle and procedure microbiology

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Indole test principle and procedure microbiology

The indole test is a biochemical test used primarily in microbiology to determine an organism’s ability to produce indole from the amino acid tryptophan. It is particularly useful for identifying certain species of bacteria. Principle of indole test when some bacteria react with Tryptophan (amino acid), hydrolysis it and change it o Indole compound. This … Read more

urease test: Principle, Procedure, result microbiology

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Urease test is an important biochemical test for the identification of certain kinds of bacteria like helicobacter pylori, proteus, morganella, and enterocolitis. What is the principle of the urease test? Some bacteria produce enzymes called urease. When they react with urea, they split it and convert it into ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Ammonia … Read more

Deoxyribonuclease test (DNAse) Principle, procedure

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The deoxyribonuclease test (DNAse) is an important biochemical test for the conformation of staph aureus. Principle of Deoxyribonuclease test (DNAse) Staph aureus has an enzyme called DEOXYRIBONULEASE. When DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) reacts with staph aureus, its enzyme( DEOXYRIBONULEASE ) hydrolyzes the DNA. Which reagents are used for the DANse test? Basically, two reagents are … Read more

Pseudomonas Oxidase test: Principle, Procedure, Reagents

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Oxidase test helps to identify the vibro, Neisseria and Pseudomonas. Principle of oxidase test Pseudomonas Aurogenosa produced Oxidase Enzyme, which oxidizes the Phenylene Diamine to purple-colored compound. Reagent for Oxidase test Oxidase reagent is freshly prepared. It is a 1% solution of Tetramethyl-p-Phenylene Diamine Dihydrochloride. Oxidase Test Procedure Following steps are performed for oxidase test … Read more

Coagulase test principle, procedure

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coagulase-test principle procedure

Here you will learn about the “Coagulase test principle procedure”. The main purpose of this test is to differentiate the staph aureus from other types of staph. Staph aureus contains a coagulase enzyme that coagulates plasma. Note: Coagulase is an enzyme that exists in one type of staph (Staph aureus). Therefore this test named as … Read more

Albert staining principle, Procedure, USES

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Albert staining is a kind of differential stain. It is used to stain the metachromatic granules in corynebacterium diphtheria. How do I make Albert stain? Here are the three reagents you need for Albert staining. Which mordant is used in Albert staining ? Albert indide is used as mordent. After Albert’s stain, slid covered with … Read more

Catalase test principle, procedure, reagent, result microbiology

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catalase test principle procedure reagent microbiology

Catalase test is important for identification of varius bacteria specially staphylococcus aureus in microbiology. Here we learn about principle of catalase test, procedure and the reagents. Catalase test principle microbiology Catalase synthesized by some bacteria acts as a catalyst in the breakdown of Hydrogen peroxide (3% H2O2) results in the production of Oxygen gas (O2) … Read more

Modified afb stain procedure (ziehl-neelsen stain) principle, uses

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AFB use carbol fuchsin (a red dye) followed by acid-alcohol decolorization and counterstaining with methylene blue. AFB appear bright red against a blue background. Modified afb stain procedure Following are the 4 steps in acid-fast staining. Why ziehl-neelsen stain (ZN staining) is called acid fast? In the ziehl Neilsen stain, we use strong acids such … Read more