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How to diagnose stiff person syndrome
Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurological disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle stiffness and spasms, particularly in the trunk and limbs. These muscle spasms can be severe and can cause difficulty with movement and mobility. SPS is thought to be an autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in … Read more
water deprivation test procedure diabetes insipidus
Water deprivation test used to differentiate the causes between diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia. Water deprivation test principle The period after the administration of the desmopressin tests for the kidney’s ability to vasopressin and therefore differentiates between cranial and nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. The results of this test may be equivocal, necessitating further investigation. Water deprivation … Read more
Voges Proskauer test (vp test) principle, procedure, reagents
Voges Proskauer test or VP test is used to identify some enterobacteria. But some kinds of it are VP negative. The optimal temperature for the VP test is 37 C but some groups show negative results at this temperature. The Hafina group shows negative results at 37 C, but it gives positive results at 30 … Read more
Aesculin hydrolysis test principle, procedure for streptococci
Asculine is a glycoside and it is incorporated with a nutrient base a ferric salt. Aesculin hydrolysis means the breakdown of aesculin. This hydrolysis is indicated by a BROWN coloration. It occurs due to the reaction of aglycone (6.7 Dihydroxycoumarin) with iron. Sometimes another chemical (SODIUM AZIDE) is added. It acts as a preservative. The … Read more
Fredrickson’s classification of hyperlipidemia (type I, II, IIa, IIb, III, IV, V) is based on the electrophoretic pattern of lipoprotein
Hyperlipidemia means a high level of lipid content in the blood. It may be due to a primary cause or secondary. Secondary cause due to some kinds of disease Fredrickson classified hyperlipidemia on the base of an electrophoretic pattern of lipoprotein. There are six types of hyperlipidemia. Here’s the video of Fredrickson’s classification of hyperlipidemia … Read more
Heat fixation procedure, purpose ,factors affecting fixation microbiology
Heat fixation is the second method after the chemical fixation in histology. what is heat fixation in microbiology? The mechanism of heat fixation is, that it denatures the protein. It takes two to three minutes. Microwave ovens have overtaken the conventional heating method, due to their controlled environment. 45-55 C is the optimum temperature of … Read more
10% neutral buffered formalin composition
10% Neutral Buffered Formalin is widely used in labs for preserving biological tissues. It stabilizes tissue structures by cross-linking proteins, and the buffer system ensures a neutral pH, which helps reduce tissue damage during fixation. Here’s the composition of 1 liter of 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin: How to prepare 1 liter 10% neutral buffered formalin … Read more
Clinical microbiology final exam quizlet Chapter 5-6
Here is the most important Quizlet of the microbiology final exam for medical students to refresh their knowledge. Chose the gram-positive bacteria. a. Neisseria, b. Klebsiella, c. Clostridium Free-living, Thick wall, cause abscess of skin. Characteristics of. a. Streptococcus b. Staphylococcus c. Bacillus Extracellular bacteria, thick wall, spore-forming aerobe Characteristics of. a. Clostridium b. Corynebacterium … Read more
Hemolysis test procedure, principle, interpretation
The hemolysis test is important in the blood bank when blood group “O” contains anti-A and anti-B antibodies which may be Hemolysin. Therefore hemolysis test procedure is the key test for hemolysis identification. When such blood group has a high titer of such antibodies are transfused in a person having blood group A, or blood … Read more