How to diagnose stiff person syndrome

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurological disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle stiffness and spasms, particularly in the trunk and limbs. These muscle spasms can be severe and can cause difficulty with movement and mobility. SPS is thought to be an autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in … Read more

Voges Proskauer test (vp test) principle, procedure, reagents

Voges Proskauer test or VP test is used to identify some enterobacteria. But some kinds of it are VP negative. The optimal temperature for the VP test is 37 C but some groups show negative results at this temperature. The Hafina group shows negative results at 37 C, but it gives positive results at 30 … Read more