Urine bence jones protein test procedure

The Urine bence jones protein test is a diagnostic test that detects the presence of a specific type of protein, called Bence Jones protein (free light chains of immunoglobulins), in urine.

These proteins are often associated with multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders. Below is a general outline of the procedure for conducting a Bence Jones protein test:

Here is the Urine bence jones protein test procedure.

• The patient is given a container to collect all urine over a 24-hour period Because a 24-hour urine sample is usually preferred for this test to ensure accurate results, as Bence Jones proteins might not be consistently present in smaller, random urine samples.
  • Sometimes Urine dipstick test used as an initial test to detect protein in urine, but it is not specific for Bence Jones proteins.
• The urine sample is heated to about 40-60°C (104-140°F).
• If Bence Jones proteins are present, they typically precipitate (become cloudy or solidify) between 40-60°C.
• As the sample is heated further to about 100°C (212°F), Bence Jones proteins may redissolve, confirming their presence.

NOTE: In some case urine sample is subjected to immunoelectrophoresis . It separates proteins based on size and charge. The separated proteins are then exposed to antibodies that specifically target light chains (kappa or lambda) of immunoglobulins.

Interpretation of Results

Negative result: If sample remain clear.

Positive result: In this case sample become cloudy between 40-60°C . Presence of Bence Jones proteins indicates potential conditions such as multiple myeloma, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, or other lymphoproliferative disorders.

NOTE: As the sample is heated further to about 100°C (212°F), Bence Jones proteins may redissolve, confirming their presence.