How to recognize bacteria in a petri dish is a fundamental skill in microbiology. Whether you’re a student, a scientist, you can gain insights by observing bacterial growth. It helps you understand its type, behavior, and significance. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you find bacteria in a petri dish. What Is a Petri Dish? … Read more
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects individuals with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. PCOS ایک ایسی حالت ہے جس میں اووریز ضرورت سے زیادہ اینڈروجن (مردانہ ہارمون) پیدا کرتی ہیں، جو خواتین میں کم مقدار میں موجود ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ ہارمونی عدم توازن انڈے کی پیداوار اور اخراج کو … Read more
A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. Buffer solutions are essential in biochemical and chemical experiments to maintain a stable pH environment. Preparing a buffer solution with a specific pH requires understanding the principles of buffer action and careful calculations. This article … Read more
A hernia is a medical condition. When An organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle. It can also protrude through connective tissue. ہرنیا ایک طبی حالت ہے۔ جب کوئی عضو یا ٹشو ارد گرد کے پٹھوں میں کمزور جگہ سے باہر نکلتا ہے۔ یہ کنیکٹیو ٹشو کے ذریعے بھی پھیل … Read more
Agglutination is a crucial phenomenon in immunology and microbiology. Particles clump together due to the interaction of antigens and antibodies. This process is widely used in diagnostic and research applications to identify and quantify various substances. Properties of Agglutination The important properties of agglutination are. What is the Mechanism of Agglutination Specific antibodies bind to … Read more
Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. The flu season varies in intensity each year. Recognizing the symptoms is crucial. Taking prompt action is critical to reducing its impact. 7 Common flu symptoms in 2025 The symptoms of the flu often come on suddenly and … Read more
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and play a crucial role in various biological processes. They are vital for the structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs. Each amino acid has an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a hydrogen atom. It also features a unique side chain (R group) attached to … Read more
Photometric charts are essential tools for understanding the lighting performance of fixtures. They provide crucial data to evaluate how light interacts with a space, helping designers and engineers make informed decisions. Here’s a step-by-step guide to reading a photometric chart. What Is a Photometric Chart? A photometric chart is a graphical representation of a light … Read more
Here is the eight steps identification of gram negative bacteria in microbiology. Final Identification Combine the results from all tests, including:
Introduction to aPTT What is aPTT? Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) is a laboratory test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot. It specifically evaluates the efficiency of the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade. The test plays a crucial role in diagnosing bleeding disorders and monitoring anticoagulation therapy. Why … Read more