Immunology is crucial for advancing treatments in infectious diseases, cancer, and immune-related conditions.
The Western blot test is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology, immunology, and clinical diagnostics. It is primarily employed to detect specific proteins in a sample. This makes it invaluable for diagnosing infections, autoimmune disorders, and more. This article delves into the Western blot procedure, detailing its steps and applications. What is a … Read more
Agglutination is a crucial phenomenon in immunology and microbiology. Particles clump together due to the interaction of antigens and antibodies. This process is widely used in diagnostic and research applications to identify and quantify various substances. Properties of Agglutination The important properties of agglutination are. What is the Mechanism of Agglutination Specific antibodies bind to … Read more
The Weak D test is performed to determine whether an individual has a weak or partial expression of the D antigen on their red blood cells. This is important in blood banking, as it helps in determining Rh (Rhesus) status, particularly when the D antigen appears negative or inconclusive using routine methods. Principle of weak … Read more
The Two-Step Tuberculosis (TB) Skin Test (also known as the Mantoux test) is a diagnostic method used to detect latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). It is often required for healthcare workers, long-term care facility residents, and others at high risk of TB exposure. The two-step process is performed to distinguish a boosted reaction from a new … Read more
The D-dimer laboratory test is used to detect the presence of D-dimer (a protein fragment that is produced when a blood clot dissolves in the body). The principle of the D-dimer test is based on the fact that when blood clots are formed and then broken down through a process called fibrinolysis, they release D-dimer … Read more
Here are the reasons “why is serum lactate obtained in trauma patients”. Measuring serum lactate levels is a common practice in the assessment of trauma patients, and it serves as an important biomarker for several reasons:
Monoclonal antibodies, often abbreviated as mAbs, are a class of antibodies that are produced in the laboratory by cloning a single type of immune cell, specifically a B cell (B lymphocyte). These antibodies are designed to target a specific antigen, typically a protein or other molecule associated with a disease or condition. Monoclonal antibodies are … Read more
Antigen presentation ( Lymphocytes ) is a fundamental process that involves the display of antigens to immune cells called lymphocytes. These lymphocytes include T cells (T lymphocytes) and B cells (B lymphocytes), which are key players in the adaptive immune response. Antigens can be derived from pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, as well … Read more
The antigen antibody reaction also known as antigen-antibody binding. It is a fundamental concept in immunology that plays a critical role in our body’s defense against pathogens and foreign substances. This interaction involves antibodies ( which are proteins produced by the immune system) binding to specific antigens (which are molecules found on the surface of … Read more
Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) is an antibody that the immune system produces against thyroglobulin, a protein found in the thyroid gland. Thyroglobulin is involved in the production of thyroid hormones. The presence of TgAb in the blood can be a sign of autoimmune thyroid disorders such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease. TgAb levels is often … Read more