Glycolysis pathway steps products diagram

Glycolysis, a vitally essential metabolic pathway, plays a pivotal role occurring within the cytoplasm of cells. It serves as the foremost and primary step in efficiently breaking down glucose, which happens to be a fundamental and uncomplicated sugar molecule, ultimately resulting in the generation of ample energy.

This highly significant process holds paramount importance in facilitating both aerobic, oxygen-dependent respiration, and anaerobic, oxygen-independent respiration.

Steps of glycolysis with enzymes diagram

Certainly! Here are the steps of glycolysis:

1. Glucose phosphorylation: In the first step, a molecule of glucose is phosphorylated, which means it receives a phosphate group from ATP. This creates glucose-6-phosphate.

2. Isomerization: Glucose-6-phosphate is then rearranged and converted into its isomer, fructose-6-phosphate.

3. Second phosphorylation: Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated again, this time with another ATP molecule. This forms fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

4. Cleavage: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into two three-carbon molecules called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).

5. Energy Harvesting and NADH Production: Each G3P molecule is oxidized and phosphorylated, resulting in the production of ATP and NADH. This converts G3P into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

6. ATP Generation: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate donates a high-energy phosphate group to ADP, forming ATP. This step also converts it into 3-phosphoglycerate.

7. Rearrangement: 3-phosphoglycerate undergoes an isomerization reaction to become 2-phosphoglycerate.

8. Dehydration: Water is removed from 2-phosphoglycerate, forming phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).

9. Final ATP Generation: PEP transfers its phosphate group to ADP to form ATP, resulting in the formation of pyruvate.

   • Note: The net production of ATP during glycolysis is 2 ATP molecules. However, it’s important to note that the gross production of ATP during glycolysis is actually 4 ATP molecules.

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Glycolysis pathway products

Glycolysis synthesis ATP, pyruvate and water molecules. Here’s the number of each product is.

• ATP : The net production of ATP during glycolysis is 2 ATP molecules.
• Pyruvate : Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate.
• NADH: It generates two molecules of NADH.
  • Water :Water molecules are not directly produced during glycolysis, but they can be formed as a byproduct of subsequent reactions in cellular respiration.