Here are the Microbiology MCQs with answer Chapter 10.
- What is the primary mechanism of action of antibiotics that target bacterial cell walls?
A) Inhibition of DNA replication
B) Disruption of cell membrane integrity
C) Inhibition of protein synthesis
D) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Answer: D) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis - Which of the following antibiotics causes red man syndrome?
A) Vancomycin
B) Ciprofloxacin - Which of the following antibiotics interferes with protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in bacteria?
A) Penicillin
B) Ciprofloxacin
C) Tetracycline
D) Vancomycin
Answer: C) Tetracycline - Which of the following antibiotics cause PHOTOTOXIC effects?
A) Penicillin
B) Sulphamethoxazole
- How do sulfonamide antibiotics work to inhibit bacterial growth?
A) Inhibition of DNA gyrase
B) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
C) Competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis
D) Disruption of the cell membrane
Answer: C) Competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis - Which class of antimicrobial drugs targets fungal infections by disrupting the ergosterol component of fungal cell membranes?
A) Aminoglycosides
B) Azoles
C) Cephalosporins
D) Quinolones
Answer: B) Azoles
- What is the primary mechanism of action of antiviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
A) Inhibition of viral entry
B) Inhibition of viral fusion
C) Inhibition of viral DNA replication
D) Inhibition of viral RNA synthesis
Answer: C) Inhibition of viral DNA replication - Which antimicrobial drug is commonly used to treat tuberculosis (TB) by inhibiting the synthesis of mycobacterial cell wall components?
A) Ampicillin
B) Rifampin
C) Gentamicin
D) Fluconazole
Answer: B) Rifampin - What is the primary mechanism of action of antifungal drugs that target the synthesis of beta-glucans in fungal cell walls?
A) Inhibition of RNA polymerase
B) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis
C) Inhibition of beta-glucan synthesis
D) Inhibition of protein synthesis
Answer: C) Inhibition of beta-glucan synthesis - Which of the following antibiotics disrupts bacterial cell membranes by creating channels or pores in the lipid bilayer?
A) Penicillin
B) Ciprofloxacin
C) Polymyxin
D) Tetracycline
Answer: C) Polymyxin - How do antiprotozoal drugs like metronidazole work against parasitic infections?
A) Inhibition of DNA replication
B) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
C) Inhibition of protein synthesis
D) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
Answer: A) Inhibition of DNA replication - Which antimicrobial drug class is known for inhibiting the activity of topoisomerases in bacteria, preventing DNA supercoiling?
A) Aminoglycosides
B) Macrolides
C) Quinolones
D) Sulfonamides
Answer: C) Quinolones - Which antiviral drug inhibits the action of the viral enzyme protease, preventing the cleavage of viral polyproteins into functional proteins?
A) Zanamivir
B) Oseltamivir
C) Ritonavir
D) Acyclovir
Answer: C) Ritonavir - What is the primary mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin?
A) Inhibition of RNA polymerase
B) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
C) Inhibition of protein synthesis
D) Inhibition of DNA replication
Answer: C) Inhibition of protein synthesis - Which antimicrobial drug class targets the 50S ribosomal subunit in bacteria, interfering with protein synthesis?
A) Macrolides
B) Penicillins
C) Fluoroquinolones
D) Sulfonamides
Answer: A) Macrolides - How do antiviral drugs like acyclovir work against herpes simplex viruses (HSV)?
A) Inhibition of viral entry
B) Inhibition of viral fusion
C) Inhibition of viral DNA polymerase
D) Inhibition of viral reverse transcriptase
Answer: C) Inhibition of viral DNA polymerase - Which antimicrobial drug is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and disrupts bacterial cell membranes?
A) Chloramphenicol
B) Vancomycin
C) Polymyxin
D) Cephalosporin
Answer: C) Polymyxin
- What is the primary mechanism of action of antifungal drugs known as echinocandins?
A) Inhibition of DNA replication
B) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis
C) Inhibition of chitin synthesis
D) Inhibition of protein synthesis
Answer: C) Inhibition of chitin synthesis - Which antiparasitic drug disrupts the mitochondrial electron transport chain in parasites, leading to their death?
A) Mebendazole
B) Artemisinin
C) Atovaquone
D) Ivermectin
Answer: C) Atovaquone - What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics?
A) Inhibition of DNA replication
B) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
C) Inhibition of protein synthesis
D) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Answer: D) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis - Which antiviral drug is commonly used to treat HIV by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme?
A) Ribavirin
B) Zidovudine (AZT)
C) Amantadine
D) Griseofulvin
Answer: B) Zidovudine (AZT) - How do antifungal drugs like amphotericin B work to kill fungal cells?
A) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis
B) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
C) Inhibition of RNA polymerase
D) Inhibition of DNA replication
Answer: A) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis - Which antibiotic class is known for disrupting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit?
A) Aminoglycosides
B) Tetracyclines
C) Penicillins
D) Quinolones
Answer: B) Tetracyclines - What is the primary mechanism of action of metronidazole, an antibiotic used to treat anaerobic bacterial infections and protozoal infections?
A) Inhibition of DNA gyrase
B) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
C) Inhibition of DNA replication
D) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
Answer: C) Inhibition of DNA replication - Which antiviral drug targets the viral neuraminidase enzyme, preventing the release of newly formed virions from infected cells?
A) Ritonavir
B) Oseltamivir
C) Acyclovir
D) Ribavirin
Answer: B) Oseltamivir - How do antimalarial drugs like chloroquine work to combat Plasmodium parasites?
A) Inhibition of protein synthesis
B) Inhibition of DNA replication
C) Inhibition of heme detoxification
D) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Answer: C) Inhibition of heme detoxification - Which class of antimicrobial drugs includes drugs like isoniazid and ethambutol used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB)?
A) Aminoglycosides
B) Quinolones
C) Antifolates
D) Antituberculosis drugs
Answer: D) Antituberculosis drugs - What is the primary mechanism of action of daptomycin, an antibiotic used to treat gram-positive bacterial infections?
A) Inhibition of DNA replication
B) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
C) Disruption of the cell membrane
D) Inhibition of protein synthesis
Answer: C) Disruption of the cell membrane - Which antiparasitic drug is used to treat head lice and scabies by interfering with nerve transmission in parasites?
A) Mebendazole
B) Pyrantel pamoate
C) Permethrin
D) Praziquantel
Answer: C) Permethrin - What is the primary mechanism of action of mupirocin, an antibiotic used for skin infections?
A) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
B) Inhibition of DNA replication
C) Inhibition of protein synthesis
D) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Answer: D) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis - Which antiviral drug inhibits the activity of the HIV enzyme integrase, preventing the integration of viral DNA into the host genome?
A) Zidovudine (AZT)
B) Raltegravir
C) Lamivudine
D) Ribavirin
Answer: B) Raltegravir - How do antifungal drugs like griseofulvin work against dermatophyte infections?
A) Inhibition of DNA replication
B) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
C) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis
D) Inhibition of protein synthesis
Answer: A) Inhibition of DNA replication - Certainly! Here are some additional multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on antimicrobial drugs and their mechanisms of action:
- Which antibiotic class includes drugs like cephalexin and ceftriaxone, known for their broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
A) Penicillins
B) Macrolides
C) Cephalosporins
D) Sulfonamides
Answer: C) Cephalosporins - What is the primary mechanism of action of polymyxin B, an antibiotic used as a last-resort treatment for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria?
A) Inhibition of DNA replication
B) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
C) Disruption of the cell membrane
D) Inhibition of protein synthesis
Answer: C) Disruption of the cell membrane - Which antiviral drug interferes with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting the replication of RNA viruses like hepatitis C?
A) Ribavirin
B) Zanamivir
C) Sofosbuvir
D) Nevirapine
Answer: C) Sofosbuvir - How do antiprotozoal drugs like chloroquine work against protozoal parasites like Plasmodium species?
A) Inhibition of DNA replication
B) Inhibition of protein synthesis
C) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
D) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
Answer: A) Inhibition of DNA replication - Which class of antimicrobial drugs is primarily used to treat urinary tract infections and works by inhibiting bacterial dihydrofolate reductase?
A) Penicillins
B) Tetracyclines
C) Sulfonamides
D) Aminoglycosides
Answer: C) Sulfonamides - What is the primary mechanism of action of nitrofurantoin, an antibiotic commonly used for urinary tract infections?
A) Inhibition of DNA replication
B) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
C) Disruption of the cell membrane
D) Inhibition of protein synthesis
Answer: A) Inhibition of DNA replication - Which antiviral drug targets the viral protease enzyme and is used to treat hepatitis C infections?
A) Oseltamivir
B) Ritonavir
C) Ledipasvir
D) Ribavirin
Answer: C) Ledipasvir - How do antifungal drugs like fluconazole work to treat fungal infections?
A) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis
B) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
C) Inhibition of chitin synthesis
D) Inhibition of protein synthesis
Answer: A) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis - Which antimicrobial drug is used to treat leprosy (Hansen’s disease) by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids in Mycobacterium species?
A) Rifampin
B) Streptomycin
C) Dapsone
D) Isoniazid
Answer: D) Isoniazid - What is the primary mechanism of action of nystatin, an antifungal drug used to treat candidiasis and other fungal infections?
A) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis
B) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
C) Inhibition of chitin synthesis
D) Inhibition of DNA replication
Answer: A) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis