Streptomycin, a powerful antibiotic, plays a critical role in fighting bacterial infections by specifically targeting bacterial cells. Here you will learn how streptomycin functions, its mechanism of action, and why it’s effective against certain bacteria. What Is Streptomycin? Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. It is primarily used to treat … Read more
Bacterial wilt is a devastating plant disease caused by various bacteria, including Ralstonia solanacearum. It affects a wide range of crops, including tomatoes, potatoes, bananas, and peppers. This guide provides detailed insights into identifying, managing, and preventing bacterial wilt. Understanding Bacterial Wilt What Is Bacterial Wilt? Bacterial wilt is a soil borne disease that infects … Read more
Measuring bacteria accurately is a critical task in microbiology. An ocular micrometer provides a practical way to estimate the size of microscopic organisms. Below is a step-by-step guide on how to measure bacteria using an ocular micrometer. What Is an Ocular Micrometer? An ocular micrometer is a small, circular glass disc fitted inside the eyepiece … Read more
How to recognize bacteria in a petri dish is a fundamental skill in microbiology. Whether you’re a student, a scientist, you can gain insights by observing bacterial growth. It helps you understand its type, behavior, and significance. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you find bacteria in a petri dish. What Is a Petri Dish? … Read more
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects individuals with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. PCOS ایک ایسی حالت ہے جس میں اووریز ضرورت سے زیادہ اینڈروجن (مردانہ ہارمون) پیدا کرتی ہیں، جو خواتین میں کم مقدار میں موجود ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ ہارمونی عدم توازن انڈے کی پیداوار اور اخراج کو … Read more
A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. Buffer solutions are essential in biochemical and chemical experiments to maintain a stable pH environment. Preparing a buffer solution with a specific pH requires understanding the principles of buffer action and careful calculations. This article … Read more
A hernia is a medical condition. When An organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle. It can also protrude through connective tissue. ہرنیا ایک طبی حالت ہے۔ جب کوئی عضو یا ٹشو ارد گرد کے پٹھوں میں کمزور جگہ سے باہر نکلتا ہے۔ یہ کنیکٹیو ٹشو کے ذریعے بھی پھیل … Read more
Agglutination is a crucial phenomenon in immunology and microbiology. Particles clump together due to the interaction of antigens and antibodies. This process is widely used in diagnostic and research applications to identify and quantify various substances. Properties of Agglutination The important properties of agglutination are. What is the Mechanism of Agglutination Specific antibodies bind to … Read more
Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. The flu season varies in intensity each year. Recognizing the symptoms is crucial. Taking prompt action is critical to reducing its impact. 7 Common flu symptoms in 2025 The symptoms of the flu often come on suddenly and … Read more
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and play a crucial role in various biological processes. They are vital for the structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs. Each amino acid has an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a hydrogen atom. It also features a unique side chain (R group) attached to … Read more