Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurological disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle stiffness and spasms, particularly in the trunk and limbs. These muscle spasms can be severe and can cause difficulty with movement and mobility. SPS is thought to be an autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in … Read more
Most of us use distilled water in daily life. But sometimes we need deionized water for kind of purpose. Therefore many of us have a question and want to know “the difference between distilled water and deionized water”. Here you will learn everything meaning of deionized water, difference between distilled and deionized water and can … Read more
Water deprivation test used to differentiate the causes between diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia. Water deprivation test principle The period after the administration of the desmopressin tests for the kidney’s ability to vasopressin and therefore differentiates between cranial and nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. The results of this test may be equivocal, necessitating further investigation. Water deprivation … Read more
Benedict’s test is a simple chemical that can be used to assess the presence of reducing sugars. Reducing sugars have free aldose or ketose groups, which are capable of donating electrons to other molecules by oxidizing them. Reducing sugars are mostly monosaccharides (e.g. glucose, fructose, galactose) and some of them are disaccharides which are lactose … Read more
Serum amylase test is important for calculation of hydrolytic enzyme which hydrolyses starch into maltose. It present in saliva and pancreatic juice where it is secreted by parotid glands and pancreas respectively. Small amounts of leak into circulation due to where and tear of cells in these glands. The circulating enzyme is excreted by the … Read more
The Schick test is a diagnostic tool used to determine an individual’s immune status against diphtheria toxin. Schick test principle The test involves injecting a small amount of inactivated diphtheria toxin just below the surface of the skin, usually on the forearm. If the individual has sufficient levels of antibodies against the toxin, there will … Read more
cohb blood test used to diagnose carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. Carboxyhemoglobin blood test procedure Normal blood is diluted 1:300 in a dilute ammonia solution (it prevents the precipitation of plasma proteins). It is placed in the cell of the Spectroscope. The instrument is set in such a way that bands of oxyhaemoglobin’s spectra overlap exactly. … Read more
The Bile Tolerance test is used to differentiate streptococcus agalactia from other gram-positive cocci. Certain streptococci (S.agalactiae) and enterococci are resistant to 10-40% bile and this test is used to differentiate these from other Gram-positive cocci. Anaerobic bacteria also vary in their ability to grow in the presence of 20% bile. Bile tolerance is most … Read more
The potassium cyanide medium test (KCN test) is a microbiological test used to identify bacteria that can grow in the presence of potassium cyanide. The test is based on the fact that some bacteria are capable of utilizing KCN as a sole source of nitrogen. Potassium cyanide medium test Reagent (KCN test) Following are the … Read more
Voges Proskauer test or VP test is used to identify some enterobacteria. But some kinds of it are VP negative. The optimal temperature for the VP test is 37 C but some groups show negative results at this temperature. The Hafina group shows negative results at 37 C, but it gives positive results at 30 … Read more