The urinalysis procedure test is important because it provides important information about the patient’s health.

The Urine test is a valuable index for normal and pathological mechanisms.

Many characteristics and components of it are unstable therefore urinalysis should be done within thirty mint (30) after collection.

The delay in testing may result in gross changes which affect the report. Bacteria affect the PH, glucose, ketone, RBC. Hydrolysis and oxidation affect the bilirubin. Exposure to light results in photodegradation of urobilinogen to urobilin.

Types of Urine analysis procedure

There are three types of tests for urine.

1. Physical Examination
2. Chemical Examination
3. Microscopic Examination

Physical Examination of urinalysis procedure

In physical examination, the lab technologist notes the following parameters.

1. Urin Volume: 24-hour urine volume is collected and measured in the calibrated cylinder. In this way, polyuria and oliguria differentiate.
2. Colour of normal urin: Normally urine is pale yellow. Uroerythrin, urochrome, and porphyrin change the color of urine.
3. Appearance: Normally it is clear. Urine becomes cloudy due to crystals like urate, phosphate, etc.
4. Normal PH of urin : Urine Ph is around 5-7. This PH change due to kidney problems.
5. specific gravity urine test: Urine-specific gravity is 1.010 to 1.025. change in specific gravity occurs in vomiting, kidney disease, fever, dehydration.

Chemical Examination of urinalysis procedure

Chemical analysis of urine contains the following tests.

1. Protein Estimation:
2. Glucose and Reducing sugar:
3. Bilirubin Estimation:
4. Bile Estimation:
5. Blood:
6. Nitrite:
7. Ketone Bodies:
8. Urobilinogen:
9. Bence Jones Proteins:
10. Phenylketonuria:
11. Porphobilinogen:
12. Chloride:

microscopic urine examination

During microscopy of urine, all these things are examined.

1. White blood cells
2. Red blood cells
3. Casts
4. Epithelial Cell
5. Amorphous Deposits
6. Crystals